Isifuba somoya yisimo esingalapheki sokuphefumula esibonakala ngokuvuvukala nokuncipha kwemigudu yokuphefumula, okuholela ekubeni kube nzima ukuphefumula, ukuhefuzela, ukukhwehlela, nokuphelelwa umoya. Ukwelashwa okuvamile, njengama-inhalers ane-bronchodilator nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala, kusiza ukulawula izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Kodwa-ke, kube nentshisekelo ekhulayo emandleni e-cannabis nama-cannabinoids ayo ukuhlinzeka impumuzo kwabaphethwe yisifuba somoya. I-Cannabis iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo ze-bioactive compounds, ikakhulukazi ama-cannabinoids, abonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-asthma ngisho nokubhekana nezimbangela zalesi sifo. Lesi sihloko sibheka izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-cannabis ku-asthma, ibhekisela ocwaningweni oluthile futhi igqamisa ama-cannabinoids abandakanyekayo kulezi zifundo.
Ama-Cannabinoids: Abadlali Ababalulekile Ocwaningweni Lwe-Asthma
ICannabis iqukethe ama-cannabinoids ahlukene angaphezu kwe-100, kodwa aziwa kakhulu futhi acwaningwayo yi-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), kanye ne-cannabigerol (CBG). Ngayinye yalawa ma-cannabinoids isebenzisana nesistimu ye-endocannabinoid yomzimba (ECS), edlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, kanye ne-homeostasis.
I-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): I-THC iyinhlanganisela eyinhloko ye-psychoactive ku-cannabis, eyaziwa ngamandla ayo okukhiqiza "okuphezulu" lapho idliwe. Kodwa-ke, iTHC iphinde yatholakala inemiphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala kanye ne-bronchodilatory, engase izuzise abantu abanesifuba somoya ngokuphumuza imisipha ebushelelezi emigwaqweni yomoya kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
I-Cannabidiol (CBD): Ngokungafani ne-THC, i-CBD ayisebenzi ngokwengqondo futhi iya ngokuya yaqashelwa ngezici zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, i-analgesic, kanye ne-anxiolytic. I-CBD ikhombise amandla njengokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya ngenxa yekhono layo lokushintsha amasosha omzimba, ukunciphisa ingcindezi ye-oxidative, nokuvikela ekuvuvukeni kwendlela yomoya ngaphandle kwengozi yokudakwa.
I-Cannabigerol (CBG): I-CBG, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umama wawo wonke ama-cannabinoids," iyisandulela se-THC ne-CBD esitshalweni se-cannabis. Nakuba kufundwa kancane kakhulu, i-CBG ikhombise amandla ekudambiseni ukuvuvukala futhi ingaba nemiphumela ye-bronchodilator, iphakamisa ukuthi ingaba wusizo ekwelapheni izimpawu zesifuba somoya.
Ucwaningo Olubalulekile kanye Nemiphumela
Ucwaningo oluningana luhlole izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-cannabis nama-cannabinoids ku-asthma, ngokugxila ikakhulukazi ku-THC, CBD, kanye nemiphumela yazo yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ngezansi okunye okutholakele ocwaningweni oluphawulekayo:
I-THC njenge-Bronchodilator: Ucwaningo oluphayona olwenziwe ngo-1970 nguDkt. Donald Tashkin eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles (UCLA), lwahlola imiphumela ye-THC ezigulini ze-asthma. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuhogela i-THC kubangele i-bronchodilation (ukunwetshwa kwemigudu yomoya), okwavumela ababambiqhaza ukuba baphefumule kalula. Imiphumela ye-THC yayifana naleyo yemithi yendabuko yesifuba somoya, njengama-beta-agonists, asetshenziselwa ukuphumuza imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Lokhu okutholakele kuphakamise ukuthi i-THC ingaba inketho yokwelapha ewusizo ezigulini ezinesifuba somoya, ikakhulukazi ekubhebhethekeni okukhulu.
Imiphumela Yokulwa Nokuvuvukala kwe-CBD: Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013) lubonise ukuthi i-CBD inezinto zokulwa nokuvuvukala, ezingazuzisa abantu abanesifuba somoya. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-CBD ivimbele ukukhishwa kwama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory, okungama-molecule abandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba nokuvuvukala. Isifuba somoya sibonakala ngokuvuvukala okungapheli kwemigudu yomoya, futhi amandla e-CBD okushintsha ukuvuvukala angasiza ekwehliseni ukuminyana komzila womoya futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kukonke.
Ama-Cannabinoids kanye ne-Immune System Modulation: Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-British Journal of Pharmacology (2011) luhlole imiphumela yama-cannabinoids emasosheni omzimba. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-THC kanye ne-CBD bobabili babenamandla okushintsha ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ngokuthinta amaseli omzimba afana namaseli e-T-helper nama-macrophages. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kubaluleke kakhulu kusifuba somoya, lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esisebenza ngokweqile sibangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala emaphashini. Ngokunciphisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, ama-cannabinoids angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kanye nokuqubuka komlilo.
I-CBG kanye ne-Airway Inflammation: Nakuba ingafundwanga kakhulu njenge-THC ne-CBD, i-CBG ibonise isithembiso ezifundweni zangaphambi komtholampilo ngemiphumela yayo yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Future Medicinal Chemistry (2017) luphakamise ukuthi i-CBG inganciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya ngokusebenza kuma-receptors athile ahilelekile ekuvuvukeni. Lo mphumela ungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesifuba somoya ezithola ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwamashubhu e-bronchial.
Inhlanganisela ye-Cannabinoids: Ucwaningo lwango-2016 ku-European Journal of Pharmacology lwahlola imiphumela ye-synergistic ye-THC ne-CBD ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi inhlanganisela yawo womabili ama-cannabinoids inikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu zokwelapha kune-cannabinoid yodwa, isekela umbono wokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-cannabis okugcwele ukuphatha izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Lo mphumela we-synergistic ungaholela ekulawulweni okungcono kokuvuvukala, ukuminyana kwendlela yomoya, nezinye izimpawu zesifuba somoya.
Izicelo Zemitholampilo Yensangu Yesifuba Somoya
Ngenkathi ucwaningo nge-cannabis yesifuba somoya lusezigabeni zokuqala, okutholakele kuholele ekusetshenzisweni komtholampilo okungaba khona:
Ama-inhalers kanye nama-vaporizer: Ukushisa insangu noma ukusebenzisa ama-inhalers afakwe i-cannabinoid kungase kube indlela ephumelelayo yokuthi iziguli ezinesifuba somoya zithole izinzuzo zokwelapha zama-cannabinoids. Ukuhogela kuvumela ama-cannabinoids afana ne-THC ne-CBD ukuthi athinte ngqo imigudu yomoya futhi anikeze ukukhululeka okusheshayo ezimpawu. I-vaporization ikhethwa kunokubhema ngoba kunciphisa izinto eziyingozi ezingase zicasule amaphaphu.
Amafutha e-Cannabinoid nama-tinctures: Kubantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela ukubhema noma ukuhwamulisa insangu, uwoyela we-cannabinoid noma izithako zokuthamba zinganikeza enye indlela yokulethwa. Le mikhiqizo ingadliwa ngomlomo noma ithathwe ngolimi oluncane ukuze inikeze imiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside. Amafutha e-CBD, ikakhulukazi, adumile ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezingezona ezengqondo kanye nekhono lokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngaphandle kokwenza "okuphezulu."
Izicelo Zezihloko: Nakuba ihlobene kancane kakhulu nesifuba somoya, imikhiqizo esekelwe ku-cannabis esezingeni eliphezulu, njengama-balms noma okhilimu, ingasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala esifubeni noma endaweni yentamo, inikeze ukukhululeka ebuhlungwini bemisipha noma ukuqina okubangelwa ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya.
Izingozi Ezingenzeka kanye Nokucatshangelwa
Yize izinzuzo ze-cannabis ze-asthma ziyathembisa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubungozi obungaba khona nokucatshangelwa:
Ukucasuka kwe-Airways: Ukubhema noma ukuhogela insangu kungathukuthelisa imigudu yomoya, okungase kwandise izimpawu zesifuba somoya kwabanye abantu. Kungakho i-vaporization, okubandakanya ukushisisa insangu ukuze kukhishwe ama-cannabinoids ngaphandle kokuyishisa, kuvame ukunconywa ngaphezu kokubhema.
I-Psychoactive Effects: I-THC ingakhiqiza imiphumela ye-psychoactive, engase ingafaneleki kuzo zonke iziguli ezinesifuba somoya, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezimo ezithile ezikhona ngaphambilini noma ukuzwela. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-CBD nokugxila okuphansi kwe-THC inganikeza imiphumela yokwelapha ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi yengqondo.
Ukuntuleka Kwesilinganiso Esijwayelekile: Ngenxa yamandla ahlukahlukene emikhiqizo ye-cannabis, ukuthola umthamo olungile wokuphathwa kwesifuba somoya kungaba inselele. Iziguli kufanele zisebenzisane eduze nabahlinzeki bazo bezempilo ukuze zithole umthamo ofanele olawula kahle izimpawu ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.
Isiphetho: Ukwelapha Okuthembisayo Kodwa Okuthuthukayo
I-Cannabis inesithembiso esikhulu sokwelapha isifuba somoya, ngama-cannabinoids afana ne-THC, CBD, kanye ne-CBG abonisa amandla ekudambiseni izimpawu, ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala, nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Nakuba ucwaningo kule ndawo lusaqhubeka, ubufakazi kuze kube manje buphakamisa ukuthi i-cannabis ingaba yindlela yokwelapha esebenzayo ye-asthma, ikakhulukazi uma izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko zinganikezi ukukhululeka okwanele.
Nokho, njenganoma ikuphi ukwelashwa okusha, ukuqapha kuyadingeka. Iziguli ezinesifuba somoya ezicabangela i-cannabis njengengxenye yohlelo lwazo lokwelashwa kufanele zithintane nabahlinzeki bazo bezempilo ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kwayo. Njengoba indikimba yocwaningo ikhula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis ekwelapheni isifuba somoya kungase kube umkhuba ovame kakhulu futhi osungulwe kahle ekulawuleni lesi simo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona.
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